Refine
Document Type
- Article (5)
Has Fulltext
- yes (5)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (5)
Keywords
- - (5)
- professional vision (2)
- teacher education (2)
- Content specificity (1)
- Fachspezifität (1)
- Lehr- und Lernaktivitäten (1)
- Lehrer*innenbildung (1)
- Teacher education (1)
- Teaching and learning activities (1)
- Teaching quality (1)
Professional knowledge is highlighted as an important prerequisite of both medical doctors and teachers. Based on recent conceptions of professional knowledge in these fields, knowledge can be differentiated within several aspects. However, these knowledge aspects are currently conceptualized differently across different domains and projects. Thus, this paper describes recent frameworks for professional knowledge in medical and educational sciences, which are then integrated into an interdisciplinary two-dimensional model of professional knowledge that can help to align terminology in both domains and compare research results. The models’ two dimensions differentiate between cognitive types of knowledge and content-related knowledge facets and introduces a terminology for all emerging knowledge aspects. The models’ applicability for medical and educational sciences is demonstrated in the context of diagnosis by describing prototypical diagnostic settings for medical doctors as well as for teachers, which illustrate how the framework can be applied and operationalized in these areas. Subsequently, the role of the different knowledge aspects for acting and the possibility of transfer between different content areas are discussed. In conclusion, a possible extension of the model along a “third dimension” that focuses on the effects of growing expertise on professional knowledge over time is proposed and issues for further research are outlined.
Die aktuellen Diskussionen um die Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität und die Erweiterung der Basisdimensionen für Unterrichtsqualität sind aus unserer Perspektive zeitgemäß, qualitätsvoll und lassen einen großen Mehrwert für die Unterrichtsforschung erwarten. Mit Bezug zu einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt zur Optimierung von Videoartefakten für die Lehrer*innenbildung wird in unserem Beitrag herausgearbeitet, dass Unterrichtsqualität vor allem von den im Unterrichtsprozess umgesetzten Lehr- und Lernaktivitäten abhängt. Angehende Lehrpersonen sollten zwischen qualitätsvollen und weniger qualitätsvollen Lehr‑/Lernaktivitäten unterscheiden können. Wir plädieren für die verstärkte forschungsbezogene Entwicklung von Unterrichtsartefakten, anhand derer das optimale Zusammenwirken fachspezifischer und fächerübergreifender Unterrichtsmerkmale modelliert und empirisch geprüft werden kann. Über einen solchen Ansatz ließe sich die Frage nach fachspezifischen und fächerübergreifenden Qualitätsmerkmalen auf der Basis konkreter Unterrichtspraktiken weiter klären. Im Ausblick schlagen wir vor, für die Lehrer*innenbildung Standardsituationen für Qualitätsmerkmale von Fachunterricht zu definieren.
Video cases are commonly used in teacher education to support evidence-based professional knowledge acquisition. Novice teachers, however, often struggle when learning with video, since they lack professional knowledge schemata that facilitate noticing and reasoning about relevant events. Scripted video case development provides an approach to make relevant events more salient and visible. In alignment with previously reported approaches, we applied relevant design steps and quality criteria within the presented project to promote use in further research. Thereby, we introduce the novel approach of using mock-up settings as a way to identify naturalistic behavior as a basis for script development. User experience (UX) evaluations based on defined quality criteria of realistic experiences (i.e., authenticity), personal relevance (i.e., utility value), engagement (i.e., situational interest), and challenge (i.e., cognitive load) were carried out in a set of four studies including N = 423 teacher students. Findings support the conclusion that our design approach resulted in the development of high-quality scripted video cases for further use in initial teacher education.
Teachers’ assessment of student thinking is both difficult to attain and essential for responsive teaching in ongoing interaction during science lessons. Principles of practice-based learning provide a basis for the design of learning environments which may equip prospective teachers for this challenging task. In an experimental study ( N = 104), we examined the extent that the use of different media types as representations of practice (video and written cases), the number of rehearsals, and the complexity of student thinking contribute to preservice teachers’ acquisition of assessment skills. Our findings indicated that participants benefited equally well from video and written cases. The number of necessary rehearsals depended on the complexity of student thinking to be assessed. This finding implies that specifics of the content to be assessed need to be taken into consideration when designing learning environments for practicing assessment skills.
An Epistemic Network Approach to Teacher Students’ Professional Vision in Tutoring Video Analysis
(2022)
Video-based training offers teacher students approximations of practice for developing professional vision (PV; i.e., noticing and reasoning) of core teaching practices. While much video analysis research focuses on whole-classroom scenarios, for early PV training, it is unclear whether the focused instructional context of tutoring could be an appropriate and potentially supportive design element. The present study describes 42 biology teacher students’ performance on a tutoring video analysis task. With qualitative content analysis, we investigated how teacher students describe and interpret noticed tutoring events, with particular reference to research-informed PV indicators. With epistemic network analyses, we explored co-occurrences of PV indicators across teacher students’ six video analysis responses, contrasting low and high quality description and interpretation network models, respectively. We found that teacher students’ skills paralleled previous PV literature findings on novices (e.g., vague, general pedagogy descriptions). Yet, unexpectedly, some teacher students demonstrated aspects of higher sophistication (e.g., describing individual students, making multiple knowledge-based interpretations). Findings suggest tutoring is a powerful context for showing tutor-student interactions, making it suitable for initial teacher students’ PV training. Moreover, results offer hints about the range of teacher students’ PV mental models and highlight the need for more support in content-specific noticing and reasoning. Nevertheless, tutoring representations within PV video analysis training may offer teacher students support in student-centered attention and knowledge-oriented focus.